Estratégias educativas em saúde para pessoas vivendo com HIV: revisão de escopo / Estrategias educativas en salud para personas que viven con el VIH: revisión de alcance / Health educational strategies for people living with HIV: scoping review

Resumo Objetivo Mapear a produção científica sobre as estratégias educativas e os conteúdos abordados na educação de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Métodos Esta é uma revisão de escopo em que a seleção dos artigos foi realizada em abril de 2021 e atualizada em outubro de 2022 em dez fontes de dados; a revisão seguiu os pressupostos estabelecidos pelo Joanna Briggs Institute e o checklist dos Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Os resultados foram analisados descritivamente e sintetizados em um quadro. Resultados Foram selecionados 17 estudos com publicação predominante em 2017; Estados Unidos da América e Brasil foram os países com a maior quantidade de produções. A maioria dos estudos buscou avaliar o impacto e a eficácia das estratégias e desenvolver ou validar instrumentos de educação em saúde e atividades de prevenção. Em relação ao conteúdo abordado pelas estratégias, foram formadas cinco categorias: orientação inicial sobre HIV/AIDS, cuidados gerais, vida saudável, saúde sexual e suporte emocional. As estratégias educativas que se destacaram em relação à maior adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento estão relacionadas com o desenvolvimento de sistemas, programas e multimídia. As cartilhas promoveram empoderamento e autonomia de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Conclusão Foram mapeadas as principais estratégias educativas, com destaque para cartilhas, material impresso, recursos multimídia, sistemas, formulários e oficinas/workshops, abordando orientação inicial sobre HIV/AIDS, tratamento farmacológico, cuidados gerais, vida saudável, saúde sexual e suportes social e emocional.

Resumen Objetivo Mapear la producción científica sobre las estrategias educativas y los contenidos abordados en la educación de personas que viven con el VIH. Métodos Esta es una revisión de alcance, cuya selección de artículos se realizó en abril de 2021 y se actualizó en octubre de 2022 en diez fuentes de datos. La revisión siguió las premisas establecidas por el Joanna Briggs Institute y la checklist de los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Los resultados fueron analizados descriptivamente y sintetizados en un cuadro. Resultados Se seleccionaron 17 estudios con publicación predominante en 2017. Estados Unidos de América y Brasil fueron los países con mayor cantidad de producciones. La mayoría de los estudios buscó evaluar el impacto y la eficacia de las estrategias y elaborar o validar instrumentos de educación para la salud y actividades de prevención. Con relación al contenido abordado por las estrategias, se formaron cinco categorías: instrucciones iniciales sobre VIH/SIDA, cuidados generales, vida saludable, salud sexual y apoyo emocional. Las estrategias educativas que se destacaron con relación a una mayor adhesión de los pacientes al tratamiento están relacionadas con el desarrollo de sistemas, programas y multimedia. Las cartillas promovieron empoderamiento y autonomía de personas que viven con el VIH. Conclusión Se mapearon las principales estrategias educativas, con énfasis en cartillas, material impreso, recursos multimedia, sistemas, formularios y talleres/workshops, que abordaron instrucciones iniciales sobre VIH/SIDA, tratamiento farmacológico, cuidados generales, vida saludable, salud sexual y apoyo social y emocional. Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/754uk/?view_only=6491865a3d12424d81af2c4099c112c3

Abstract Objective To map the scientific production on educational strategies and the content covered in the education of people living with HIV. Methods This is a scoping review in which the selection of articles was carried out in April 2021 and updated in October 2022 in ten data sources; the review followed the assumptions established by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the checklist of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The results were descriptively analyzed and summarized in a chart. Results A total of 17 studies were selected, predominantly published in 2017; The USA and Brazil were the countries with the largest number of productions. Most studies sought to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of strategies and develop or validate health education instruments and prevention activities. Concerning the content covered by the strategies, five categories were formed: initial guidance on HIV/AIDS, general care, healthy living, sexual health, and emotional support. The educational strategies that stood out concerning greater patient adherence to treatment are related to the development of systems, programs, and multimedia. The booklets promoted empowerment and autonomy for people living with HIV. Conclusion The main educational strategies were mapped, with emphasis on booklets, printed material, multimedia resources, systems, forms, and workshops, covering initial guidance on HIV/AIDS, pharmacological treatment, general care, healthy living, sexual health, and social and emotional support. Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/754uk/?view_only=6491865a3d12424d81af2c4099c112c3

Populações-chave ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana nos estudos da enfermagem: revisão integrativa / Key populations for human immunodeficiency virus in nursing studies: an integrative review / Poblaciones clave para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en estudios de enfermería: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: evidenciar as populações-chave ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana abordadas em estudos científicos de enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bibliotecas National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Scientific Electronic Library Online e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde; nas bases de dados Embase, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Resultados: identificados 1.059 artigos, dos quais 18 foram incluídos. Os achados foram agrupados conforme as dimensões da vulnerabilidade (individual, social e programática). Conclusão: o papel da enfermagem diante das dimensões individuais, sociais e programáticas da vulnerabilidade, foi importante para identificar as especificidades dessas populações e para a compreensão dos aspectos que tornam estes indivíduos vulnerabilizados ao HIV/aids. Verifica-se a intervenção direta da enfermagem por meio de ações de promoção e prevenção de modo a contribuir para as boas práticas de cuidado.

Objective: to highlight the key populations for the human immunodeficiency virus addressed in scientific nursing studies. Methods: integrative literature review carried out in the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Virtual Health Library; in the databases Embase, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Results: 1,059 articles were identified, of which 18 were included. The findings were grouped according to the dimensions of vulnerability (individual, social and programmatic). Conclusion: the role of nursing in the face of the individual, social and programmatic dimensions of vulnerability was important to identify the specificities of these populations and to understand the aspects that make these individuals vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. There is direct nursing intervention through promotion and prevention actions in order to contribute to good care practices.

Objetivos:resaltar las poblaciones clave para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana abordadas en estudios científicos de enfermería. Método: revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina, Institutos Nacionales de Salud, Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud; en las bases de datos Embase, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science y Literatura Latino-Americana e del Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Resultados: se identificaron 1.059 artículos, de los cuales 18 fueron incluidos. Los hallazgos se agruparon según las dimensiones de vulnerabilidad (individual, social y programática). Conclusión: el papel de la enfermería frente a las dimensiones individual, social y programática de la vulnerabilidad fue importante para identificar las especificidades de estas poblaciones y comprender los aspectos que tornan a esos individuos vulnerables al VIH/SIDA. Existe intervención directa de enfermería a través de acciones de promoción y prevención para contribuir a las buenas prácticas de cuidado.

Validação do conteúdo de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV / Validación del contenido de un recurso audiovisual para personas que viven con el VIH / Content validation of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV

Resumo Objetivo Validar o conteúdo do roteiro de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV. Métodos Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa, norteado pelo referencial teórico metodológico da psicometria. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por juízes especialistas na área temática usando a técnica Delphi. A amostra foi composta por 22 juízes na primeira análise de validação e sete juízes na segunda análise. Resultados Todos domínios analisados apresentaram coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC) >0,80, com CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistência interna quase perfeita, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95% 0,969-0,991] e p<0,005 significativo na primeira rodada de avaliação dos especialistas. Na segunda análise, os critérios usados para validação de conteúdo apresentaram CVCt de 0,97, com os critérios de objetividade, simplicidade, clareza, relevância, precisão, variedade, credibilidade e equilíbrio, atingindo 100% de aprovação. Conclusão O roteiro foi validado quanto ao conteúdo, mostrando ser um instrumento representativo e pertinente para construção do recurso audiovisual. Ele contribui para o avanço do conhecimento científico pois apresenta resultados com rigor metodológico, com inovações no campo da educação em saúde para pessoas vivendo com HIV.

Resumen Objetivo Validar el contenido del guion de un recurso audiovisual para personas que viven con el VIH Métodos Estudio metodológico con enfoque cuantitativo, norteado por el marco referencial teórico metodológico de la psicometría. La validación de contenido fue realizada por jueces especialistas en el área temática mediante el uso del método Delphi. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 22 jueces en el primer análisis de validación y siete jueces en el segundo análisis. Resultados Todos los dominios analizados presentaron coeficiente de validez de contenido (CVC) >0,80, con un CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistencia interna casi perfecta, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95 % 0,969-0,991] y p<0,005 significativo en la primera ronda de evaluación de los especialistas. En el segundo análisis, los criterios usados para la validación de contenido presentaron un CVCt de 0,97, con los criterios de objetividad, simplicidad, claridad, relevancia, precisión, variedad, credibilidad y equilibrio, con un 100 % de aprobación. Conclusión Se validó el guion en cuanto al contenido, lo que demuestra que es un instrumento representativo y pertinente para la elaboración del recurso audiovisual. Contribuye al avance del conocimiento científico ya que presenta resultados con rigor metodológico, con innovaciones en el campo de la educación para la salud para personas que viven con el VIH.

Abstract Objective The study aimed to validate the script content of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV. Methods This methodological study had a quantitative approach and was guided by the methodological theoretical framework of psychometrics. Content validation was performed by expert judges in the thematic area using the Delphi technique. The sample consisted of 22 judges in the first validation analysis and seven judges in the second analysis. Results All domains analyzed had a content validity coefficient (CVC) >0.80, with a total CVC (CVCt) of 0.96, almost perfect internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha of 0.988, ICC of 0.982 [95%CI 0.969-0.991], and p<0.005 which was significant in the first round of expert evaluation. In the second analysis, the criteria used for content validation showed a CVCt of 0.97, with the criteria of objectivity, simplicity, clarity, relevance, accuracy, variety, credibility, and balance achieving 100% approval. Conclusion The script was validated in terms of content, showing to be a representative and relevant instrument for building the audiovisual resource. It contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge as it presents results with methodological accuracy and innovations in the field of health education for people living with HIV.

Características sociodemográficas y epidemiológicas de pacientes con inicio clínico de sida en Santiago de Cuba / Sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients with clinical onset of AIDS in Santiago de Cuba i: en

Introducción: Uno de los desafíos del milenio a nivel mundial es combatir el avance de la epidemia del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/sida. Objetivo: Caracterizar a la población de pacientes con inicio clínico de sida según variables sociodemográficas y epidemiológicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo, desde el 2017 hasta el 2021, de 87 personas diagnosticadas con inicio clínico del sida en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. En el análisis estadístico se emplearon medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, así como la distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas; también, se computaron intervalos de confianza de 95 % para las proporciones de las variables seleccionadas. Resultados: La edad promedio en la serie fue de 42 años (79,3 %); asimismo, predominaron el sexo masculino (91,9 %), el estado civil soltero (91,9 %), la vinculación laboral (72,4 %), los colores de la piel mestizo (52,8 %) y negro (39,3 %) y la procedencia urbana (73,5 %). El coito anal fue la principal forma de contagio (84,0 %), en tanto la mayoría de los afectados de ambos sexos (65,2 % en el masculino y 66,7 % en el femenino) no usaban el preservativo y en los hombres primó la homosexualidad (55,0 %). Conclusiones: El inicio clínico del sida predominó en hombres jóvenes solteros, con vínculo laboral, entre los cuales fueron muy significativas las conductas sexuales de riesgo.

Introduction: One of the millennium challenges worldwide is to fight the advance of the human immunodeficiency virus/aids. Objective: To characterize the sick population with clinical onset of AIDS according to sociodemographic and epidemiologic variables. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was carried out, from 2017 to 2021, of 87 people diagnosed with clinical onset of AIDS in Santiago de Cuba province. In the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies; also, confidence intervals of 95% were computed for the proportions of selected variables. Results: The average age in the series was 42 years (79.3%), likewise, there was a prevalence of the male sex (91.9%), single as marital status (91.9%), working bond (72.4%), mixed race (52.8%) and black skin color (39.3%), and the urban origin (73.5%). The anal coitus was the main way of infection (84.0%), while the majority of the affected individuals of both sexes (65.2% in males and 66.7% in females) did not use condoms and homosexuality predominated among men (55.0%). Conclusions: The clinical onset of AIDS prevailed in young and single men, with working bond, among whom risky sexual behaviors were very significant.

Avances en políticas públicas y vigilancia epidemiológica relacionadas con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida en Ecuador

El virus de inmunodeficiencia humana constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud a nivel mundial. Se reconoce como un fenómeno multifactorial, donde las políticas públicas en materia de prevención, diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento resultan claves. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los avances en políticas públicas y vigilancia epidemiológica relacionadas con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida en Ecuador. Se evidencian importantes pasos con respecto al compromiso político y responsabilidad social para conseguir frenar los estragos del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida, e infecciones de transmisión sexual, a partir de estrategias centradas en la prevención, así como en el tratamiento profiláctico, antirretroviral, y el seguimiento de los pacientes. Con vistas a ello se han implementado proyectos destinados a cumplir lo acordado en la declaración de las Naciones Unidas, y en el marco del plan nacional para el desarrollo. Persisten dificultades relacionadas con el acceso al diagnóstico del virus y pruebas de seguimiento, principalmente por la concentración de estas en una única institución.

The human immunodeficiency virus is one of the main health problems worldwide. It is recognized as a multifactorial phenomenon, where public policies regarding prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment are key. The objective of this study is to describe the advances in public policies and epidemiological surveillance related to the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS in Ecuador. Important steps are evident in relation to political commitment and social responsibility to stop the injuries of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, and sexually transmitted infections, based on strategies focused on prevention, as well as prophylactic, antiretroviral, and treatment patient follow-up. Some projects have been implemented aimed at fulfilling what was agreed in the United Nations declaration, and within the framework of the national development plan. Difficulties persist related to access to virus diagnosis and follow-up tests, mainly due to the concentration of these in a single institution.

Abandono de la terapia antirretroviral entre adolescentes y jóvenes con VIH/SIDA durante el COVID-19: un estudio de casos y controles / Antiretroviral therapy abandonment among adolescents and young people with HIV/AIDS during COVID-19: A case-control study / Abandono da terapia antirretroviral entre adolescentes e jovens com HIV/aids durante a COVID-19: estudo caso-controle

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados al abandono de la terapia antirretroviral entre adolescentes y jóvenes que vivían con VIH/sida durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio de casos y controles realizado entre 2020 y 2021 en Maringá, Paraná. Los casos fueron: adolescentes y jóvenes (10 a 24 años) diagnosticados con VIH/sida y que abandonaron el tratamiento, mientras que el grupo de controles fue compuesto por personas con características sociodemográficas semejantes, diagnosticadas con VIH/sida, sin historia de abandono del tratamiento. El emparejamiento de casos y controles se hizo por conveniencia, con cuatro controles por cada caso. El instrumento de investigación presentó variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, entre otras y la asociación con el abandono del tratamiento se analizó por regresión logística. Resultados: se incluyeron 27 casos y 109 controles en el estudio (proporción 1/4). La variable asociada con mayor probabilidad de abandono fue la edad próxima a 22,8 años (ORaj:1,47; IC 95%:1,07-2,13; p=0,024). El uso esporádico del preservativo (ORaj:0,22; IC 95%:0,07-0,59; p=0,003) y padecer una infección oportunista (OR:0,31; IC 95%:0,10-0,90; p=0,030) fueron factores protectores. Conclusión: la edad próxima a los 23 años en la última visita se asoció al abandono de la terapia antirretroviral. La presencia de infección oportunista y el uso de preservativos son factores determinantes para la continuidad del tratamiento durante el COVID-19.

Objective: to identify the factors associated with antiretroviral therapy abandonment among adolescents and young people living with HIV/AIDS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: a case-control study carried out between 2020 and 2021 in Maringá, Paraná. The cases corresponded to the following: adolescents and young people (aged from 10 to 24 years old) diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and who abandoned treatment, while the Control Group consisted of people with similar sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and with no history of treatment abandonment. Pairing of the cases and controls was by convenience, with four controls for each case. The research instrument presented sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics and others, whose association with treatment abandonment was analyzed by means of logistic regression. Results: a total of 27 cases and 109 controls were included in the study (1/4 ratio). The variable associated with an increased chance of abandonment was age close to 22.8 years old (ORadj: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.07-2.13; p=0.024). Sporadic condom use (ORadj: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.59; p=0.003) and having an opportunistic infection (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.10-0.90; p=0.030) were protective factors. Conclusion: age close to 23 years old at the last consultation was associated with antiretroviral therapy abandonment. The presence of opportunistic infections and condom use are determining factors for treatment continuity during COVID-19.

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao abandono da terapia antirretroviral entre adolescentes e jovens vivendo com HIV/aids durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudo caso-controle realizado entre 2020 e 2021 em Maringá, Paraná. Os casos foram: adolescentes e jovens (10 a 24 anos) diagnosticados com HIV/aids e que abandonaram o tratamento, enquanto o grupo dos controles foi composto por pessoas com características sociodemográficas semelhantes, diagnosticadas com HIV/aids, sem histórico de abandono de tratamento. O pareamento dos casos e controles foi por meio de conveniência, sendo quatro controles para cada caso. O instrumento de pesquisa apresentou variáveis sociodemográficas, características clínicas e outras, cuja associação com o abandono do tratamento foi analisada por meio de regressão logística. Resultados: 27 casos e 109 controles foram incluídos no estudo (proporção 1/4). A variável associada à maior chance de abandono foi idade próxima de 22,8 anos (ORaj.:1,47; IC95%:1,07-2,13; p=0,024). O uso esporádico de preservativo (ORaj:0,22; IC95%:0,07-0,59; p=0,003) e ter infecção oportunista (OR:0,31; IC95%:0,10-0,90; p=0,030) foram fatores de proteção. Conclusão: idade próxima a 23 anos na última consulta foi associada ao abandono da terapia antirretroviral. A presença de infecção oportunista e o uso de preservativo são fatores determinantes para continuidade do tratamento durante a COVID-19.

Caracterización de pacientes seropositivos al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Municipio de Cienfuegos, 2017-2021

Fundamento la seropositividad al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana representa en la actualidad un serio problema de salud, debido a su alcance y trascendencia mundial. En Cuba las capitales provinciales registran mayores tasas de incidencia con respecto al resto de los municipios. Objetivo caracterizar epidemiológicamente los casos seropositivos al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, en el municipio de Cienfuegos, en el periodo comprendido entre 2017 al 2021. El universo estuvo constituido por 134 pacientes. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, nivel de escolaridad, orientación sexual, áreas de salud y grupo de pesquisa. Para el análisis de la información, se utilizaron medidas de resumen para variables cuantitativas (porcentajes y tasas). Resultados las áreas de salud III y VI fueron las de mayores tasas. Predominó el grupo etario de 25-34 años, y el sexo masculino representó el 79,9 % del total. Según la orientación sexual, los homosexuales ocuparon el 58,2 %, y el 32,1 % pertenecieron al grupo de pesquisa captados. Conclusiones los casos seropositivos al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana descendieron de manera significativa en el último quinquenio, donde los pacientes en edad de la adultez joven fueron los más afectados, así como los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres.

Foundation Seropositivity to the human immunodeficiency virus currently represents a serious health problem, due to its scope and global significance. In Cuba, the provincial capitals register higher incidence rates compared to the rest of the municipalities. Objective to epidemiologically characterize the seropositive cases to the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods a descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in the Cienfuegos municipality, between 2017 and 2021. The universe of 134 patients. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, level of education, sexual orientation, health areas and research group. For the analysis of the information, summary measures for quantitative variables (percentages and rates) were used. Results health areas III and VI had the highest rates. The age group of 25-34 years predominated, and the male sex represented 79.9% of the total. According to sexual orientation, homosexuals occupied 58.2%, and 32.1% belonged to the research group captured. Conclusions seropositive cases to the human immunodeficiency virus decreased significantly in the last five years, where patients of young adulthood were the most affected, as well as men who have sex with other men.

Survival of patients living with HIV and cancer in Cali, Colombia

Background: People living with HIV have an increased risk of cancer compared to the general population. However, with the increase in life expectancy and advances in antiretroviral therapy, the survival of patients with cancer and HIV has changed. Objective: To determine the survival of patients living with HIV and cancer in Cali, Colombia Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. Data from the HIV database was crossed with data from the hospital and population-based cancer registries between 2011-2019. Patients <18 years, limited available clinical information on the diagnosis and treatment of HIV and cancer, and non-oncological tumor diagnosis were excluded. Results: A total of 173 patients were included. The frequencies of AIDS-defining neoplasms were: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (42.8%), Kaposi sarcoma (27.8%), and cervical cancer (4.6%). Overall survival was 76.4% (95% CI 68.9-82.3) at five years. Poorer survival was found in patients with AIDS-defining infections (56.9% vs. 77.8%, p=0.027) and non-AIDS-defining infections (57.8% vs. 84.2%, p=0.013), while there was better survival in patients who received antiretroviral therapy (65.9% vs. 17.9%, p=0.021) and oncological treatment (66.7% vs. 35.4%, p<0.001). The presence of non-AIDS-defining infections increases the risk of dying (HR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.05-5.46, p=0.038), while oncological treatment decreases it (HR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.80, p=0.014). Conclusions: In people living with HIV, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma are the most common neoplasms. Factors such as AIDS-associated and non-AIDS-associated infections have been identified as determinants of survival. Cancer treatment seems to improve survival.

Antecedentes: Las personas que viven con VIH tienen un riesgo mayor de cáncer en comparación con la población general. Sin embargo, con el aumento de la esperanza de vida y los avances en la terapia antirretroviral, la supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer y VIH ha cambiado. Objetivo: Determinar la supervivencia de los pacientes que viven con VIH y cáncer en Cali, Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en la Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. Los datos de la base de datos de VIH se cruzaron con los datos de los registros de cáncer de base hospitalaria y poblacional entre 2011-2019. Se excluyeron los pacientes <18 años, con información clínica limitada disponible sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento del VIH y el cáncer y los casos con diagnóstico de tumor no oncológico. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 173 pacientes. Las frecuencias de neoplasias definitorias de SIDA fueron: linfoma no Hodgkin (42.8%), sarcoma de Kaposi (27.8%) y cáncer cervical (4.6%). La supervivencia global fue del 76.4% (IC 95% 68.9-82.3) a los cinco años. Se encontró una peor supervivencia en pacientes con infecciones definitorias de SIDA (56.9% vs. 77.8%, p=0.027) e infecciones no definitorias de SIDA (57.8% vs. 84.2%, p=0.013), mientras que hubo una mejor supervivencia en pacientes que recibieron terapia antirretroviral (65.9% vs. 17.9%, p=0.021) y tratamiento oncológico (66.7% vs. 35.4%, p<0.001). La presencia de infecciones no definitorias de SIDA aumentó el riesgo de morir (HR = 2.39, IC 95% 1.05-5.46, p=0.038), mientras que el tratamiento oncológico lo disminuyó (HR = 0.33, IC 95% 0.14-0.80, p=0.014). Conclusiones: En las personas que viven con VIH, el linfoma no Hodgkin y el sarcoma de Kaposi son las neoplasias más comunes. Se han identificado factores como las infecciones asociadas al SIDA y las infecciones no asociadas al SIDA como determinantes de la supervivencia. El tratamiento del cáncer parece mejorar la supervivencia.

Comportamiento de la morbimortalidad por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida en Nuevitas, Camagüey, 1993-2021

Fundamento la infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida es considerada la más temible de las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Los estudios relacionados con el tema permiten el acercamiento a los diferentes contextos y poblaciones afectadas por esta enfermedad. Objetivo determinar el comportamiento de la morbimortalidad relacionada con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, en el municipio de Nuevitas, en el periodo 1993-2021, que incluyó a 92 pacientes diagnosticados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida. Los datos fueron tomados del registro de casos de la Unidad Municipal de Higiene y Epidemiología, y de las historias epidemiológicas individuales. Las variables analizadas: año de diagnóstico, grupos de edades, sexo, estado civil, orientación sexual, forma de detección de la enfermedad y evolución. Resultados se observó una tendencia ascendente de casos hasta diciembre de 2021. El grupo etario más numeroso resultó el de 20-24 años, y predominó el sexo masculino. Al momento del diagnóstico de la enfermedad prevaleció el estado civil de soltero, así como la orientación sexual homosexual. Conclusiones de forma general, hubo una tendencia al ascenso de pacientes infectados, fundamentalmente de jóvenes solteros del sexo masculino, homosexuales; además, prevalecieron los seropositivos.

Foundation infection by human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS is considered the most fearsome of sexually transmitted infections. The studies related to the subject allow the approach to the different contexts and populations affected by this disease. Objective to determine the behavior of morbidity and mortality related to the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. Methods a retrospective descriptive study was carried out in the Nuevitas municipality, from 1993 to 2021, which included 92 patients diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. The data were taken from the case registry of the Municipal Hygiene and Epidemiology Unit, and from individual epidemiological histories. The analyzed variables: year of diagnosis, age groups, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, way of detecting the disease and evolution. Results an upward trend of cases was observed until December 2021. The most numerous age group was 20-24 years old, and the male sex predominated. At the disease time of diagnosis, the marital status of single prevailed, as well as the homosexual sexual orientation. Conclusions in general, there was a tendency to increase the number of infected patients, mainly young single men, homosexuals; in addition, seropositives prevailed.

La importancia de la correlación clínico- epidemiológica en el diagnóstico temprano de la histoplasmosis: reporte de dos casos clínicos en Popayán, Colombia / The relevance of clinical and epidemiological correlation in the early diagnosis of histoplasmosis: report of two clinical cases in Popayán, Colombia

La histoplasmosis es una micosis endémica en Colombia. Se presentan dos casos del departamento del Cauca, para mostrar el impacto clínico que conlleva un retraso en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado para revisar las historias clínicas de los pacientes y publicar los casos. El primer caso se trata de un paciente con infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV), quien presentaba lesiones cutáneas generalizadas atribuidas inicialmente al virus del herpes; post mortem y mediante el cultivo para hongos de muestras de las lesiones dérmicas, se confirmó el diagnóstico de histoplasmosis. El segundo caso es un paciente inmunocompetente con sintomatología pulmonar, a quien se le diagnosticó tuberculosis clínicamente y se le instauró tratamiento; sin embargo, ante la nula mejoría y teniendo en cuenta el antecedente de ingreso a una cueva de murciélagos, se enfocó como una posible histoplasmosis pulmonar y se obtuvo mejoría con el tratamiento. Se revisó la literatura sobre las pruebas de laboratorio y los datos epidemiológicos de histoplasmosis que deben considerar los profesionales de la salud. Se concluyó que las instituciones de salud deben disponer de pruebas rápidas (por ejemplo, antigénicas) para el diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado de esta micosis, además de adoptar los correctivos necesarios para minimizar la exposición a Histoplasma.

Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis in Colombia. Here we present two cases in the Cauca department, to indicate the clinical impact of histoplasmosis delayed diagnosis and treatment when its epidemiology is unknown. Informed consent was requested to review patients' medical records and case report publication. The first case was a patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus and generalized presence of skin lesions. Initially, these lesions were diagnosed as herpes, but a postmortem diagnosis confirmed histoplasmosis through fungal cultures of tissues from the skin lesions. The second case is an immunocompetent patient with pulmonary symptoms diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis. However, given the lack of improvement and considering the bat cave entrance history, the patient was treated for possible pulmonary histoplasmosis with an adequate response. We made a review of laboratory tests and histoplasmosis epidemiological data relevant to health professionals. We concluded that health institutions must provide rapid tests, such as antigen ones, to adequately diagnose and treat this mycosis; and also take corrective measures to minimize exposure to Histoplasma.

Health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral treatment: A questionnaire-based study

Introduction: The knowledge of the effect of sociodemographic and disease-related factors on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is important for planning comprehensive health-care services for them. Material and Methods: Two hundred PLWHA on antiretroviral therapy (ART) volunteered to complete a self-reported World Health Organization’s Quality of Life?HIV brief questionnaire (WHOQoL-HIV-BREF) that examines six domains each with four items (physical, psychological, level of independence, social, environmental, and spiritual) with 25 facets and additional 5 facets specific to PLWHA (symptoms of HIV, social inclusion, forgiveness, worries about the future, and death and dying). Results: Only 135 questionnaires from 73 (53.3%) men and 63 (46.7%) women (male: female – 1.14:1) aged 20–82 years(mean ± standard deviation: 42.9 ± 10.5 years) were found complete. Eighty-five (63%) individuals were aged 41–60 years, 78 (57.8%) individuals were matriculates, graduates, or postgraduates, 76 (56.3%) respondents were married, and 38 (28.1%) were widows/widowers. Staying-alone workers comprised 43 (31.8%) individuals. Overall health and HRQoL were rated satisfactory (n = 85.2%) and good/very good (n = 74.8%) by a significantly greater number of individuals (P = 0.001). Pearson’s Chi-squared test showed no statistically significant (P > ?) associations between good HRQoL and variables such as age >40 years, gender, education, marital status, duration of disease, disclosure of serostatus to family, ART for >3 years, and CD4 >200 cells/mL. Conclusion: Regular ART can result in adequate control of immunosuppression and no comorbidities in a majority of PLWHA, family and social acceptance, and financial security can result in overall good HRQoL in all six domains within the WHOQoL-HIV-BREF. The study is limited by its cross-sectional study design and small sample size.

Epidemiological profile of Adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Espirito Santo, Brazil: A cross-sectional study / Perfil epidemiológico de adolescentes vivendo com HIV/AIDS no Espírito Santo, Brasil: um estudo transversal

Introduction: The AIDS epidemic has undergone several transformations, and, in recent years, there has been an increase in cases of HIV/AIDS among adolescents and young people. Thus, it is essential to know this population to base health actions scientifically.Objective: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Espírito Santo, Brazil.Methods: A descriptive, sectional study in which notifications of HIV/AIDS among adolescents aged 13 to 19 between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed.Results: 523 adolescents with HIV/AIDS were found in the analyzed period (an average of 47 cases/year). There was a predominance of male adolescents (68.8%), older than 16 years (mean=18.0 years), of mixed race/colour (54.6%), living in the metropolitan region near the capital. It was observed that the schooling of females is lower, with 47.2% of them in elementary school, while 45.0% of the boys are in high school. In most cases, the infection occurred via sexual intercourse, among men, through homosexual relations (55.0%), and among women, through heterosexual relations (82.2%). The HIV viral load was detectable in almost all (84.8%) cases, and 11 (6.8%) of these adolescents died.Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of HIV and AIDS cases among adolescents in Espírito Santo shows a higher frequency of cases in males aged 16 to 19 years, with incomplete high school education, who acquired HIV through unprotected sex in homosexual relationships. We highlight the high percentage of young people with detectable viral loads and deaths due to complications of AIDS

Introdução: A epidemia da AIDS passou por diversas transformações e, nos últimos anos, observa-se aumento de casos de HIV/AIDS entre adolescentes e jovens. Assim, é fundamental conhecer essa população para embasar cientificamente as ações em saúde. Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/AIDS no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, seccional, no qual foram analisadas notificações de HIV/AIDS entre adolescentes de 13 a 19 anos, entre 2010 e 2020.Resultados: foram encontrados 523 adolescentes vivendo com HIV/AIDS no período analisado (média de 47 casos/ano). Prevaleceu os adolescentes do sexo masculino (68,8%), com mais de 16 anos (média=18,0 anos), de raça/cor parda (54,6%), residentes na região metropolitana, próxima a capital. Foi observado que a escolaridade do sexo feminino é menor, estando 47,2% delas no ensino fundamental, enquanto 45,0% dos rapazes já estão no ensino médio. Em grande parte dos casos a infecção ocorreu via sexual, sendo, entre os homens, através de relações homossexuais (55,0%) e entre as mulheres por meio de relações heterossexuais (82,2%). A carga viral de HIV foi detectável em quase totalidade (84,8%) dos casos e 11 (6,8%) destes adolescentes evoluíram para óbito. Conclusão: O perfil epidemiológico dos casos de HIV e AIDS, entre os adolescentes, no Estado do Espírito Santo, demonstra maior frequência de casos no sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 16 a 19 anos, com ensino médio incompleto, que adquiriram HIV por via sexual desprotegida, em relações homossexuais. Destaca-se a alta porcentagem de jovens com carga viral detectável e os óbitos em decorrência de complicações da AIDS.

Casos de HIV/AIDS durante uma década em uma cidade na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS) / Cases of HIV/AIDS during a decade in a municipality in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul

Identificar as prevalências de HIV/AIDS em uma cidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS) e descrever características dos indivíduos infectados. Estudo descritivo em Sapucaia do Sul com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) de 2009 a 2018. Foram incluídas notificações de indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 13 anos, e excluídas aquelas com preenchimento inadequado e gestantes. Tendência temporal dos casos de HIV/AIDS foi apresentada por frequência absoluta e características sociodemográficas por frequências absoluta e relativa. Foram notificados 832 casos de HIV/AIDS no município, dos quais 43,4% correspondentes à AIDS. Durante o período avaliado, a notificação de HIV aumentou 4.000%, e a de AIDS, 230%, com predominância no sexo masculino, adultos jovens, brancos e com ensino fundamental incompleto. Os resultados são relevantes no âmbito da saúde coletiva, pois contribuem para nortear e fortalecer estratégias de combate e controle da doença.

To identify HIV/AIDS prevalences in a city from the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre (RS) and describe the infected individuals' characteristics. Descriptive study in Sapucaia do Sul with data from Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2009 and 2018. Notifications from individuals aged 13 years and over were included, and observations with inadequate completion and pregnant women were excluded. Temporal trend from HIV/AIDS cases was presented through absolute frequency and sociodemographic characteristics through absolute and relative frequencies.832 cases of HIV/AIDS cases were reported in the city and 43.4% of which corresponded to AIDS. During the evaluated period, an increase of 4.000% in the notification of HIV, and of 230% of AIDS was identified, with a predominance of males, young adults, white, and with incomplete primary education. These results are extremely relevant in the public health field as they can help to guide and strengthen strategies to combat and control the disease.

Histoplasmosis sistémica con lesión cutánea única en paciente con SIDA

La histoplasmosis es una enfermedad causada por el hongo dimorfo Histoplasma capsulatum, que involucra al tejido linfático, pulmones, hígado, bazo, glándulas suprarrenales, riñones y piel. En los últimos años ha emergido como una enfermedad oportunista, principalmente en aquellos individuos con inmunidad celular alterada, como es el caso de los pacientes con SIDA. Cerca de 70% de los pacientes sudamericanos con histoplasmosis y SIDA presenta lesiones cutáneas o mucosas. En Argentina y Paraguay, la histoplasmosis es la micosis sistémica más frecuente en individuos con infección por el VIH. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de histoplasmosis sistémica cuya única manifestación es la lesión cutánea, confirmado con la anatomía patológica y, fundamentalmente, con el cultivo, constituyendo una presentación clínica inusual.

Histoplasmosis is caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, which involves lymphatic tissue, lungs, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, and skin. In recent years, it has emerged as an opportunistic disease, mainly in individuals with altered cellular immunity, as is the case of AIDS patients. About 70% of South American patients with histoplasmosis and AIDS have cutaneous or mucosal lesions. In Argentina and Paraguay, histoplasmosis is the most common systemic mycosis in individuals with HIV infection. We present the case of an patient diagnosed with systemic histoplasmosis whose only manifestation is a single skin lesion, confirmed by pathology and, fundamentally by culture, constituting an unusual clinic presentation.

Diagnósticos de Enfermagem a partir de narrativas de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS em Guiné-Bissau / Nursing diagnosis from narratives of people living with hiv/aids in Guinea-Bissau / Diagnósticos de enfermería a partir de los relatos de personas que viven con el vih/sida en Guinea-Bissau

Objetivo: identificar e analisar os diagnósticos de Enfermagem mais frequentes de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids em atendimento ambulatorial em Guiné-Bissau por meio de suas narrativas. Método: trata-se de uma análise secundária dos dados de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, cujos participantes foram 16 pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. Para identificar os diagnósticos de Enfermagem, foi utilizado o Processo Diagnóstico, que é um processo intelectual complexo na aplicação do Pensamento Crítico. Resultados: havia 16 participantes, sendo 12 do sexo feminino, e a mediana de idade foi de 33,5 anos. A partir das narrativas dos participantes, foram identificados 26 diferentes diagnósticos de Enfermagem, dos quais 10 tiveram frequência igual ou superior a 10%. Os 10 diagnósticos mais frequentemente identificados pertencem aos seguintes domínios: autopercepção; enfrentamento/tolerância ao estresse; promoção da saúde; conforto; percepção/cognição; e papéis e relacionamentos. Embora os diagnósticos identificados com significado mais positivo tenham aparecido em 50% dos participantes (disposição para o autoconceito melhorado e disposição para cuidado da saúde melhorado), as narrativas também indicaram que o processo de viver com HIV/aids tem sido bastante desafiador para o guineenses participantes no estudo, com presença de diagnóstico de risco de dignidade humana comprometida (50% dos participantes) e resiliência prejudicada (43,7% dos participantes). Conclusões: os diagnósticos de Enfermagem mais frequentes das pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids participantes deste estudo foram: disposição para autoconceito melhorado; risco de dignidade humana comprometida; e disposição para cuidado da saúde melhorado. Implicações para a prática de Enfermagem: na assistência de Enfermagem, é fundamental a implementação integral do Processo de Enfermagem, pois, dessa forma, a prestação de cuidados não ocorre apenas na esfera biológica, mas também na promoção de cuidados que atendam às necessidades dos pacientes, visando mais dignidade, cidadania e qualidade de vida.(AU)

Objective: to identify and analyze the most frequent Nursing diagnoses of people living with HIV/Aids in outpatient care in Guinea-Bissau through their narratives. Method: this is a secondary analysis of data from a study with a qualitative approach whose participants were sixteen people living with HIV/Aids. To identify the Nursing diagnoses, the Diagnostic Process was used, which is a complex intellectual process in the application of Critical Thinking. Findings: there were sixteen participants, twelve were female, and the median age was 33.5 years old. From the participants' narratives, 26 different Nursing diagnoses were identified. Of these, 10 had a frequency equal to or greater than 10%. The 10 most frequently identified diagnoses belong to the following Domains: Self-perception, Coping/stress tolerance, Health Promotion, Comfort, Perception/cognition and Role relationship. Although the diagnoses identified with the most positive meaning appeared in 50% of the participants (Readiness for enhanced self-concept and Readiness for enhanced health management), the narratives also indicated that the process of living with HIV/Aids has been quite challenging for the Guineans participating in the study, with presence of the Risk for compromised human dignity (50% of the participants) and Impaired resilience (43.7% of the participants) diagnoses. Conclusions: the more frequent Nursing diagnoses of people living with HIV/Aids that participate in this study were Readiness for enhanced self-concept, Risk for compromised human dignity and Readiness for enhanced health self-management. Implications for the Nursing practice: in Nursing care, the full implementation of the Nursing Process is fundamental since, in this way, provision of care not only occurs in the biological sphere but also in the promotion of care that meets the patients' needs, aiming for more dignity, citizenship and quality of life.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar y analizar los diagnósticos de enfermería más frecuentes de las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA en atención ambulatoria en Guinea-Bissau a través de sus narrativas. Método: se trata de un análisis secundario de datos de un estudio con enfoque cualitativo cuyos participantes fueron dieciséis personas que viven con VIH/SIDA. Para identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería se utilizó el Proceso Diagnóstico, que es un proceso intelectual complejo en la aplicación del Pensamiento Crítico. Resultados: hubo dieciséis...(AU)

Evaluation of YouTube videos on HIV/AIDS: a critical analysis of content quality and reliability

Introduction: HIV and AIDS remain as significant global health issues, with misinformation and stigma surrounding the diseases still being prevalent. Accurate and reliable information is crucial for promoting prevention, early detection, and effective management of the disease. YouTube has emerged as a popular platform for sharing and consuming health-related content, but the quality and reliability of its videos on various health topics have been questioned. Objective: This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos on HIV/AIDS. Methods: We searched for videos on YouTube using two search terms, "HIV" and "AIDS," and evaluated the top 100 videos for each search term. We recorded video features such as length, likes, comments, views, and upload date. Two independent evaluators assessed the videos' quality and reliability using the Global Quality Scale and the modified DISCERN tool. We classified the videos into two groups based on the source that uploaded the video, professional and non-professional, and analyzed the data using statistical methods. Results: Of the 159 videos evaluated, the most common content categories were HIV transmission routes, basic information and definition of HIV, and HIV/AIDS activism and awareness. Non-professional videos tended to be shorter, but there were no significant differences in views, likes, and likes per day counts. Comments were significantly higher in non-professional videos. Professional videos had higher quality and reliability scores than non-professional videos. Conclusion: Accurate and reliable information on HIV/AIDS is critical for promoting prevention, early detection, and effective management of the disease. YouTube has the potential to disseminate this information, but the quality and reliability of its videos must be improved. Our study highlights the need to prioritize professional, high-quality, and reliable video content on HIV/AIDS on YouTube to improve the public health outcome

Introdução: O HIV e a AIDS continuam a ser problemas significativos de saúde global, e a desinformação e o estigma em torno dessas doenças ainda prevalecem. Informações precisas e confiáveis são cruciais para promover a prevenção, a detecção precoce e o gerenciamento eficaz da doença. O YouTube surgiu como uma plataforma popular para compartilhar e consumir conteúdo relacionado à saúde, mas a qualidade e a confiabilidade de seus vídeos sobre vários tópicos de saúde têm sido questionadas. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar e avaliar sistematicamente a qualidade e a confiabilidade dos vídeos do YouTube sobre HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Pesquisamos vídeos no YouTube usando dois termos de pesquisa, "HIV" e "AIDS", e avaliamos os cem principais vídeos para cada termo de pesquisa. Registramos os recursos do vídeo, como duração, curtidas, comentários, visualizações e data de upload. Dois avaliadores independentes avaliaram a qualidade e a confiabilidade dos vídeos usando a Escala de Qualidade Global e a ferramenta DISCERN modificada. Classificamos os vídeos em dois grupos com base na fonte que fez o upload do vídeo, profissional e não profissional, e analisamos os dados usando métodos estatísticos. Resultados: Dos 159 vídeos avaliados, as categorias de conteúdo mais comuns foram rotas de transmissão do HIV, informações básicas e definição de HIV e ativismo e conscientização sobre HIV/AIDS. Os vídeos não profissionais tenderam a ser mais curtos, mas não houve diferenças significativas nas contagens de visualizações, curtidas e curtidas por dia. Os comentários foram significativamente maiores nos vídeos não profissionais. Os vídeos profissionais tiveram pontuações de qualidade e confiabilidade mais altas do que os vídeos não profissionais. Conclusão: Informações precisas e confiáveis sobre HIV/AIDS são essenciais para promover a prevenção, a detecção precoce e o gerenciamento eficaz da doença. O YouTube tem o potencial de disseminar essas informações, mas a qualidade e a confiabilidade de seus vídeos devem ser aprimoradas. Nosso estudo destaca a necessidade de priorizar conteúdo de vídeo profissional, de alta qualidade e confiável sobre HIV/AIDS no YouTube para melhorar o resultado da saúde pública

Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking verification of the mechanism of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsule in the adjuvant treatment treatment of AIDS / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the molecular mechanism of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules in the adjuvant treatment of AIDS by network pharmacology method and molecular docking technology.Methods:The active components and targets of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules were obtained through TCMSP, and the AIDS-related targets were obtained through GeneCards, OMIM and DrugBank databases. The intersection target PPI network was constructed through STRING 11.5 database, and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used for network topology analysis; Metascape database was used for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of core targets; Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to construct Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules component-target-pathway network; Autodock Tools software was used to carry out molecular docking of core targets and active components.Results:Totally 31 active components and 180 targets of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules were screened out. TNF, IL6, AKT1, IL1B, TP53, VEGFA, RELA, EGFR and CASP3 were identified as the core targets. GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 1 436 biological processes, 53 cellular components, and 117 molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis obtained 167 pathways, which were related to pathways in cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and IL-17 signaling pathway was closely related. Molecular docking results showed that core targets such as AKT1 and TNF had good binding activity to quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin.Conclusion:The main active components of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules in the adjuvant treatment of AIDS are quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin, which may treat AIDS through the IL-17 signaling pathway.

A qualitative study on high risk behaviors of HIV/AIDS among young adult males in Shandong Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To identify high risk behaviors and infection related factors among young adult males diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Shandong Province, to provide evidence for targeted AIDS prevention and control strategies.@*Methods@#By using convient sampling method, an face to face in depth interview on HIV related behaviors was conducted among young adult males newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Shandong Province in July 2021.@*Results@#A total of 31 young adult males diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were interviewed. All were male and infected through homosexuality behavior. Average age was (20.6±1.8) years. Totally 90.3% (28/31) were enrolled in tertiary education at the time of diagnosis. The findings revealed that 93.5% (29/31) of participants got infection due to unprotected homosexual behavior with the temporary partner whose HIV infection status was unknown, and 86.2% (25/29) got in touch with these temporary partner by social software. The awareness rate of knowledge about AIDS among all the participants was 100%, however, 83.9% (26/31) reported occasion condom usage while having homosexual behavior, and 16.1% (5/31) never did. Totally 74.2% (23/31) of the young adult males diagnosed with HIV/AIDS had a history of HIV testing before diagnosis.@*Conclusion@#The primary high risk behavior of HIV infection in young adult students are unawareness of HIV infection status for temporary sexual partner and the separation of knowing and doing. A targeted strategy should be developed to control the spread of HIV in young adult students.

Clinical features of fundus lesions of 74 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Shenyang / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the clinical features and factors of fundus lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)in Shenyang and the relationship between fundus lesions and CD4+T cell count.METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 74 cases with AIDS who were treated in the Central Hospital of Liaoning Electric Power Supply Co., Ltd., from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected. The fundus manifestation and CD4+T cell count of the patients were analyzed.RESULTS: The total detection rate of fundus lesions in AIDS patients was 58%. CD4+T cell count in the patients with fundus lesions was significantly lower than that in the patients with normal fundus [29(6, 55)/μL vs. 76(35, 103)/μL, P<0.01]. The rate of fundus lesions was the highest in the patients with CD4+T cell count ≤ 50/μL(74%). Logistic regression analysis showed that as the CD4+T cell count increased, the incidence of fundus lesions decreased(OR=0.977, 95%CI 0.964～0.991, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Fundus lesions in AIDS patients related to CD4+T cell count. Decreasing CD4+T cell count was a risk factor of fundus lesions for AIDS patients. Routine fundus examination is important for the early diagnosis of fundus lesions in AIDS patients.

Hemophagocytic Syndrome Secondary to Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patient:Report of One Case / 中国医学科学院学报

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with compromised immunity are prone to hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to opportunistic infections.This paper reports a rare case of hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to human parvovirus B19 infection in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient,and analyzes the clinical characteristics,aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and prevent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.